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Natural gas refers to the mixed gaseous fossil fuels primarily composed of methane. It is one of the cleanest burning alternative fuels, which can be used as fuel for power generation and vehicles. Natural gas is obtained from a wide range of sources and may differ not only in composition and processing, but also in energy content. The main component is methane (CH₄), It usually constitutes between 75-99%, but deviations are not unusual. Natural gas contains small amounts of ethane, propane, butane and ethylene.
Classification of natural gas, According to the source of natural gas, it can be divided into two categories:
1. Conventional natural gas, refers to natural gas resources that exist in traditional oil and gas reservoirs and can be directly extracted through conventional drilling techniques. including Field gas, Associated gas, and condensate gas, etc.
2. Unconventional natural gas, refers to natural gas that is difficult to explain using traditional geological theories and cannot be economically extracted through conventional technological means. Compared with conventional natural gas, they generally have the characteristics of low porosity, low permeability, and continuous reservoir formation, and must rely on advanced technologies such as horizontal wells and multi-stage fracturing for reservoir transformation in order to effectively develop. including shale gas, coalbed methane, tight gas, and natural gas hydrate, etc.
The main types of natural gas transportation:
1. Pipeline natural gas (PNG), refers to the natural gas transported by natural gas pipeline, which is the main way to transport natural gas on land. Natural gas pipeline refers to the pipeline that transports natural gas (including APG) from the production site or processing plant to urban gas distribution center or industrial enterprise users, also known as gas transmission pipeline. Natural gas pipelines account for more than half of the world's total pipeline length.
2. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), refers to natural gas that is cooled to -161°C (-258°F) for liquefaction. The advantage of LNG is that its volume is 1/600 of the gas volume, which makes it very attractive for transportation, and is the preferred solution for cross sea and long-distance transportation.
3. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), It is suitable for short distance, small-scale delivery, such as remote towns without pipeline coverage. Due to line limitations, there are few application scenarios.
There are different types of natural gas depending on the composition. H-gas (high calorific gas) is gas with a high content of energy and methane. L-gas (low calorific gas) has a lower content of energy and methane but higher amounts of nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Of course, these types of natural gas have different characteristics in terms of combustion ( see the gas fuel specification below).
For use of natural gas in our engines, the gas must comply with the general applicable specifications for natural gas, the specific MDT requirements, be clean, dry and cooled (free of water, hydrocarbon condensate and oil) when fed to the engine.
