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Natural gas refers to a mixed gaseous fossil fuel primarily composed of methane. It is one of the cleanest burning alternative fuels, which can be used as fuel for power generation and vehicles. Natural gas is obtained from a wide range of sources and may differ not only in composition and processing, but also in energy content. The main component is methane (CH₄), It usually constitutes between 75-99%, but deviations are not unusual. Natural gas contains small amounts of ethane, propane, butane and ethylene.
Classification of natural gas, According to the source of natural gas, it can be divided into two categories:
1. Conventional natural gas, refers to natural gas resources that exist in traditional oil and gas reservoirs and can be directly extracted through conventional drilling techniques. including Field gas, Associated gas, and condensate gas, etc;
■ Field Gas /Reservoir Gas, also known as Pure natural gas, refers to natural gas extracted from independent gas fields and wells. Not coexisting with crude oil. Its main component is methane, with a content usually above 90%, and even up to 95%. Suitable for direct use in urban gas, industrial fuel, and power generation. It belongs to typical dry air. It is the most common form of conventional natural gas.
■ Oil-Associated Gas, also known as Oilfield gas, refers to natural gas that is extracted along with oil in a reservoir. It mostly exists above oil layers and contains not only methane but also heavier hydrocarbons such as ethane and propane, making it a typical rich gas.
■ Condensate Gas, also known as Condensate gas-field gas, refers to gas in underground reservoirs, but liquid light oil (such as gasoline and kerosene components) will precipitate during the extraction process due to pressure and temperature changes. Its methane content is relatively high, and it also contains a certain amount of hydrocarbons of C₅ and above, with a higher calorific value than ordinary natural gas, belonging to the category of wet gas.
2. Unconventional natural gas, refers to natural gas that is difficult to explain using traditional geological theories and cannot be economically extracted through conventional technological means. Compared with conventional natural gas, they generally have the characteristics of low porosity, low permeability, and continuous reservoir formation, and must rely on advanced technologies such as horizontal wells and multi-stage fracturing for reservoir transformation in order to effectively develop. including shale gas, coalbed methane, tight gas, and natural gas hydrate, etc.
■ Shale gas, It refers to unconventional natural gas that exists in an adsorbed or free state in organic rich shale and its interlayers.
■ Coalbed methane (CBM), also known as Coal mine gas, refers to methane exhausted from unexplored coal beds, Its calorific value is equal to that of natural gas, and belongs to unconventional natural gas. Learn More ....
■ Tight gas, also known as Tight sandstone gas, refers to unconventional natural gas that occurs in low porosity and low-permeability sandstone reservoirs.
■ Natural gas hydrate, refers to ice like crystalline solid material formed by the combination of natural gas and water molecules under low temperature and high pressure conditions, mainly existing in deep-sea sediments or permafrost zones.
Natural gas is commonly supplied via pipeline or a gas infrastructure, but thanks to recent developments it can be liquefied easily and economically. Consequently, it can be transported as LNG by vessels all over the world.
The main types of natural gas transportation:
1. Pipeline natural gas (PNG), refers to the natural gas transported by natural gas pipeline, which is the main way to transport natural gas on land. Natural gas pipeline refers to the pipeline that transports natural gas (including APG) from the production site or processing plant to urban gas distribution center or industrial enterprise users, also known as gas transmission pipeline. Natural gas pipelines account for more than half of the world's total pipeline length.
2. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), refers to natural gas that is cooled to -161°C (-258°F) for liquefaction. The advantage of LNG is that its volume is 1/600 of the gas volume, which makes it very attractive for transportation, and is the preferred solution for cross sea and long-distance transportation.
3. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), It is suitable for short distance, small-scale delivery, such as remote towns without pipeline coverage. Due to line limitations, there are few application scenarios.
There are different types of natural gas depending on the composition. H-gas (high calorific gas) is gas with a high content of energy and methane. L-gas (low calorific gas) has a lower content of energy and methane but higher amounts of nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Of course, these types of natural gas have different characteristics in terms of combustion ( see the gas fuel specification below).
For use of natural gas in our engines, the gas must comply with the general applicable specifications for natural gas, the specific MDT requirements, be clean, dry and cooled (free of water, hydrocarbon condensate and oil) when fed to the engine.
If you are in doubt about your gas quality, do not hesitate to contact us. We can check your fuel and inform about the best suited our engine.
Note:
1. Nm³ corresponds to one cubic meter of gas at 0 °C and 101.32 kPa.
2. All data provided on this site is for information purposes only, explicitly non-binding and subject to changes without further notice.
